PHYSICS · 9 EXPLORATION STEPS

Brownian motion and diffusion

If molecules cannot be seen, what evidence shows that they move randomly?

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Simulation: Brownian motion and diffusion▶ Open 3D simulation
YOUR EXPLORATION

One step, one new insight.

  1. 01

    Observe moving particles

  2. 02

    Record one position every 30 seconds

  3. 03

    Longer observation, larger mean-square displacement

  4. 04

    Smaller particles, clearer motion

  5. 05

    Higher temperature, stronger motion

  6. 06

    Motion caused by collisions

  7. 07

    Individual observations and statistical results

  8. 08

    Diffusion: a spreading concentration distribution

  9. 09

    Quiz: make motion clearer

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